Non contact IC Card RF Card - Introduction to Philips Mifare One Card (M1 Card) S50 S70

1、 Overview
Philips' Mifare One contactless IC card, also known as RF IC card or M1 card, successfully combines RFID technology with IC card technology, solving the problems of passive (no power supply in the card) and contactless, and is a major breakthrough in the field of electronic devices.
1. High reliability
There is no mechanical contact between the non-contact IC card and the reader/writer, avoiding various malfunctions caused by contact reading and writing. In addition, there are no exposed chips on the surface of non-contact cards, so there is no need to worry about chip detachment, electrostatic breakdown, bending damage, etc. This not only facilitates card printing but also improves the reliability of card use.
2. Easy to operate and fast
Due to non-contact communication, the reader can operate the card within a range of 15cm, so there is no need to plug or unplug the card, which is very convenient for users to use.
Non contact cards have no directionality when used, and the card can sweep the surface of the reader/writer in any direction to complete the operation, greatly improving the speed of each use.
3. Conflict prevention
There is a fast anti-collision mechanism in contactless cards, which can prevent data interference between cards. Therefore, the reader/writer can "simultaneously" process multiple contactless IC cards. This improves the parallelism of the application and invisibly increases the system's working speed.
4. Can be suitable for various applications
The storage structure characteristics of non-contact cards make them versatile and applicable to different systems. Users can set different passwords and access conditions according to different applications.
5. Good encryption performance
The serial number of the non-contact card is unique, and the manufacturer has solidified this serial number before the product leaves the factory and cannot change it again. The non-contact card and the reader/writer adopt a bidirectional verification mechanism, where the reader/writer verifies the legitimacy of the IC card, and the IC card also verifies the legitimacy of the reader/writer.
Non contact cards need to undergo three mutual authentication with the reader/writer before processing, and all data is encrypted during communication. In addition, each sector in the card has its own access conditions for operating passwords.

2、 M1 system parameters
The non-contact IC card M1 has a data retention period of 10 years, can be rewritten 100000 times, and can be read unlimited times. The M1 card does not come with a power supply and comes with an antenna. It contains encryption control logic and communication logic circuits. The communication between the card and the reader/writer adopts the internationally recognized DES and RES secure cross algorithm, which has extremely high security performance.
Each card has a unique serial number, which is 32 digits
◇ Operating frequency: 13.56HMZ
Communication rate: 106KB baud rate
◇ Conflict prevention: Multiple cards can be processed at the same time
Read and write distance: Within 150MM, data can be easily and quickly transmitted
◇ Half duplex communication method
◇ Ensure data integrity through the following mechanisms during wireless communication
◇ Support multi card operation
◇ Specification: 0.87 × 85.5 × 54/Non standard card/Keychain card/Crystal shaped card/Coin card
◇ Packaging materials: PVC, PET, 0.13 copper coins
◇ Packaging process: Ultrasonic automatic wire planting/automatic collision welding
◇ Size: Complies with ISO10536 standard
◇ Battery free: Wireless transmission of data and energy
◇ Chip processing technology: using high-speed CMOS EEPROM process
◇ Components: a chip and a simple coil
◇ Security: Triple mutual authentication (ISO/IEC DIS9798-2)
All data in communication is encrypted to prevent signal interception
Each sector has independent passwords for each other
The serial number of each card is globally unique and has 32 digits.
◇ Supports a storage structure with one card for multiple uses
Typical processing time
Identify a card 8ms
Read a block in 2.5ms
Write a block+read control 12ms
Typical transaction process 100ms
◇ S50 capacity 8K bit EEPROM
Divided into 16 sectors, with 4 blocks per sector and 16 bytes per block, accessed in blocks
S70 has a capacity of 32K bits EEPROM
Divided into 40 sectors, each of the 32 sectors has a storage capacity of 64 bytes and is divided into 4 blocks, each with 16 bytes
The storage capacity of each sector in the last 8 sectors is 256 bytes, divided into 16 blocks of 16 bytes each; Using blocks as access units

3、 Working principle
The electrical part of the card consists only of an antenna and ASIC, without any other external components.
Antenna: The antenna of the card consists of several sets of wound coils, which are very suitable for packaging into ISO cards.
ASIC: The ASIC of the card consists of a high-speed (106KB baud rate) interface, a control unit, and an 8K bit EEPROM.
The working principle of the M1 RF card is that the reader sends a set of fixed frequency electromagnetic waves to the M1 card. There is an LC series resonant circuit inside the card, which has the same frequency as the frequency emitted by the reader. Under the excitation of the electromagnetic waves, the LC resonant circuit resonates, causing the capacitor to have a charge. At the other end of this capacitor, there is a unidirectionally conductive electronic pump that sends the charge in the capacitor to another capacitor for storage. When the accumulated charge reaches 2V, this capacitor can be used as a power supply to provide working voltage for other circuits, transmitting the data in the card or receiving the data from the reader/writer.

4、 Confidentiality
The excellent confidentiality performance of M1 RF cards is due to three confirmations before reading and writing, unique card serial numbers, encrypted transmission data, and protection of transmission and access passwords.
The password in the card is protected and unreadable, and only users who know the password can modify it. The EEPROM storage area in the card is divided into 16 sectors, each with its own access password. Users can set different passwords based on the different applications of each sector (one card for multiple purposes). The access password for the sector is divided into two different sets, KEY A and KEY B. According to the access conditions, the storage can only be accessed after verifying KEY A or KEY B.
Although there is currently technology to crack Mifare One, as long as the system design achieves one key one key, it can fundamentally ensure the security of the system.

5、 Storage Area
The 8K bit EEPROM of M1 RF card is divided into 16 sectors, each sector consisting of 4 blocks with 16 bytes per block.
Each sector's block 3 (i.e. the fourth block) contains the sector's password A (6 bytes), access control (4 bytes), and password B (6 bytes), making it a special block, while the other three blocks are general data blocks. However, block 0 of sector 0 is special, it is used to store the manufacturer's code, which has been solidified and cannot be changed, and is called "block 0".
1. Contact IC card is a type of card that has emerged in the past decade after magnetic cards. It integrates all information processing components, including password verification and storage functions, on a small silicon wafer embedded in a magnetic card sized card, and exchanges information with the reader's circuit through several contact cards.
Contact IC cards overcome the disadvantages of poor reliability and security of magnetic cards. But there are still shortcomings:
1) The contact card of an IC card is exposed on the surface of the IC card, which can cause damage or read-write errors in certain situations (such as bending, staining, etc.).
2) The card holder of the reader/writer may be damaged or unable to function properly due to dust, rough insertion of cards, or insertion of non card objects, and requires regular maintenance.
3) Due to the directional coordination between the card and the card holder during use, it is difficult to insert the IC card due to the narrow card holder. The use of contact IC cards is quite inconvenient.
4) Although there are certain confidentiality measures on IC cards, the universality of the reader/writer reduces the security of IC card confidentiality.
5) Even under normal use, the transaction process of contact IC cards takes a long time, which prolongs passenger travel time and vehicle turnover, prompting companies to invest more capacity and increase operating costs.

6、 Main characteristics of non-contact IC card:
1) Non mechanical contact between the card and the reader/writer.
2) There are no exposed components on the surface of the card, and the IC card will not be damaged due to dirt or bending. The card itself is a passive component, small in size, durable and reliable.
3) The reader/writer does not require a card holder and can be completely sealed inside the box.
4) When in use, there is no directionality, and the card can sweep over the surface of the reader in any direction to complete the task
Reading and writing work.
5) The reader/writer communicates with the IC card through an antenna.
6) The reader and IC card implement a two-way password authentication system. The reader can recognize the legality of IC cards
Sex, IC cards can recognize their "owner" (reader/writer) and determine their read and write permissions.
7) The issuance of non-contact IC cards is based on a strict set of rules - immutable markings (indicating the manufacturer, patent holder number), and clear management hierarchy. All readers and IC cards must be initialized and access permissions defined through a MASTER card owned only by the issuer.
8) The MIFARE 1 contactless IC card has a capacity of 8K bits, 16 partitions, supports multiple applications, data storage for 100 years, can be rewritten 100000 times, read unlimited times, does not come with a power supply, comes with an antenna, and contains encryption control logic circuit. The communication between the card and the reader uses the internationally recognized DES or RES secure cross algorithm, which has extremely high security performance.

7、 Application scenarios:
Membership card, public transportation IC card, social security card, medical card, medical insurance card, campus card, consumption card, one card, employee card, attendance card, recharge card, stored value card, prepaid card, gas card, VIP card, gold card, silver card, VIP card, authorization card, charging card, parking card, dining card, points card, discount card, discount card, counterfeit card, student card, ID card, outpatient card, payment card, promotion card, employee ID card, discount card, door lock card, access card, commemorative card, securities card, scenic spot ticket card, exhibition ticket card, user code card, identity recognition card, data record card

8、 IC card printing application industry:
Hotels, restaurants, saunas, KTVs, cinemas, entertainment centers, hospitals, pharmacies, outpatient clinics, chain pharmacies, shopping malls, supermarkets, retail stores, mass retailers, banks, securities and finance, municipal industrial and commercial taxation, tourist attractions, exhibition halls, telecommunications, beauty and fitness clubs, cultural and entertainment performances, speeches and concerts